Modalities
Interpersonal
Process
Interpersonal process therapy focuses on relational patterns that shape emotions and maintain distress. This approach maps how you relate to others, how others respond, and how early attachment experiences continue to influence present-day interactions. Therapy begins with careful assessment of recurring relationship cycles, expectations, and defensive moves that show up at work, with partners, and in family systems. The goal is to increase awareness of interpersonal patterns and to create new options for connection.
Sessions use moment-to-moment exploration of what happens between therapist and client as a way to reveal relational dynamics in real time. By reflecting on feelings, testing new responses, and receiving corrective relational experiences, clients learn to shift habitual ways of relating that produce isolation, conflict, or burn out. Practical work includes identifying triggers, naming needs, practicing assertive communication, and developing repair strategies after ruptures.
Interpersonal process is especially useful for clients whose primary struggles center on relationships, role transitions, grief, or chronic loneliness. It complements skill-based work by linking behaviors to underlying relational themes such as fears of abandonment, over-responsibility, or mistrust. Progress is measured in both internal changes, like increased emotional clarity, and external shifts, such as improved conflict resolution, deeper intimacy, and more sustainable boundaries.
Therapy is collaborative, reflective, and action-oriented. You will leave sessions with clearer insight into how your past and present relationships intersect, concrete communication tools, and experiential practice that generalizes into daily life. If your core pain shows up most in connection with others, interpersonal process offers a pathway from stuck relational patterns to more flexible, connected living.
Psychodynamic
Psychodynamic therapy explores the unconscious and developmental roots of current difficulties to generate lasting change. This modality examines how early attachments, internalized object relations, defensive structures, and repeated life scripts shape emotions, decisions, and symptoms. Treatment centers on making implicit patterns explicit so that you can choose differently in relationships and work.
Work proceeds through careful inquiry into themes that recur across relationships and life roles. Interventions include interpretation of transference and countertransference, exploration of fantasies and defenses, and integration of inner conflicts into a cohesive narrative. The therapeutic relationship functions as a window into longstanding patterns, offering opportunities to experience and practice new ways of being.
Psychodynamic therapy is appropriate for clients seeking deeper change rather than symptom-only relief. It helps with chronic depression, persistent interpersonal problems, identity diffusion, and maladaptive relational schemes that underlie repeated crises. Of course, if we find an immediate need for concrete skills to address acute distress, we will prioritize those so the reflective and exploratory work may continue.
Outcomes for psychodynamic work include stronger self-reflection, reduced reactivity, more integrated identity, and improved capacity for intimacy and professional functioning. Sessions cultivate curiosity about inner life, encourage tolerating complexity, and strengthen the capacity to make meaning from past experiences. If you want to understand why you keep repeating certain patterns and to create durable change at the level of personality and relationships, psychodynamic therapy offers a rigorous, empathic path.
Motivational
Interviewing
Motivational interviewing is a collaborative, client-centered method designed to resolve ambivalence and strengthen intrinsic motivation for change. It is practical, respectful, and empirically supported for substance use, health behavior change, and situations where commitment to a new course is unclear. The stance is nonjudgmental and autonomy-supporting, helping clients move from mixed feelings to clear, sustainable action.
I use open questions, reflective listening, affirmations, and strategic summaries to elicit “change talk” and reduce “stay talk.” The process identifies values and discrepancies between current behavior and longer-term goals so that motivation grows from internally held reasons rather than external pressure. Interventions include decisional balance exercises, scaling exercises, and creating personalized change plans.
Motivational interviewing is brief and adaptable, making it an ideal complement to other treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy. It is particularly effective in early stages of change when resistance or denial would otherwise block progress. It also enhances engagement in longer-term therapy by aligning treatment with your priorities.
Outcomes focus on commitment, incremental behavior change, and readiness to utilize additional supports. The approach respects client autonomy and reduces shame, making it easier to sustain effort over time. If you feel torn about changing a habit, a career move, or a relationship pattern, motivational interviewing offers a clear, compassionate method to find momentum and make choices that match your values.
Cognitive
Behavioral
Therapy
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a structured, evidence-based approach that targets the links between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors to reduce symptoms and build practical skills. It is effective for anxiety disorders, depression, obsessive thinking, panic, phobias, and many forms of emotional dysregulation. Treatment focuses on identifying distorted thinking, testing beliefs, and building adaptive behavioral strategies that produce measurable change.
Therapy begins with assessment and collaborative formulation that clarifies maintaining factors and treatment targets. Interventions include cognitive restructuring to challenge unhelpful beliefs, behavioral experiments to test predictions, exposure techniques for avoidance and fear, and skills training in problem solving and emotional regulation. Homework assignments are central, translating session insights into real-world practice and accelerating progress.
CBT can be adapted into shorter, focused courses or longer integrative work. It pairs well with medication when needed and with other modalities that address relational or developmental issues. Progress is tracked with symptom measures and behavioral goals so that therapy remains outcome-driven and transparent.
You may learn to reduce avoidance, increase tolerance for distress, and cultivate more flexible thinking styles that support functioning at work and in relationships. CBT emphasizes skill acquisition, relapse prevention, and the development of a practical toolkit that you can use long after therapy ends. If you want concrete strategies to manage symptoms and produce reliable change, cognitive behavioral therapy offers a proven, efficient path to greater stability and agency.
CBT is one of the most well-studied, empirically supported, and commonly used therapeutic models in the United States today. I use many elements of CBT and related therapies like dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), and cognitive processing therapy (CPT).